Toxins, Heavy Metals & Organic Acids Test

About this test – Toxins, Heavy Metals & Organic Acids Test

When is this test relevant?

• Persistent or unexplained symptoms such as fatigue, brain fog, or headaches

• Suspected exposure to heavy metals, mold, or environmental toxins

• Living or working in environments with potential chemical or mold exposure

• Digestive issues or suspected gut microbial imbalance

• Interest in a more advanced and in-depth assessment of overall health

• When previous tests have not provided clear answers

• When looking for a more comprehensive alternative to single-category testing

How it works

1. Collect a dried urine sample at home

2. Send your sample to the laboratory using the prepaid return envelope

3. Your sample is analysed using advanced laboratory methods at a NATA-accredited laboratory in Australia, following ISO 15189 standards

4. Receive your digital results within 12–15 days

You can also use our AI-based chat to help interpret your results.

Key information

• Sample type: Dried urine

• Markers: 152 unique result markers across multiple panels

• Panels included: Mycotoxins, environmental toxins, heavy metals and minerals and organic acids

• Areas covered: Environmental exposure and metabolic function

• Turnaround time: 12–15 days from when the lab receives your sample

• Results: Delivered digitally

• Laboratory: NATA-accredited laboratory (ISO 15189)

• Shipping: Return shipping included

Before you test

For best results, avoid certain foods and preservatives for 48 hours prior to sample collection, as these may influence some of the measured compounds.

It is also recommended to pause supplements for 48 hours before collection, unless otherwise advised by your healthcare provider. Do not discontinue prescribed medications without consulting your physician.

Accredited Laboratory

Your sample is analysed at a NATA-accredited laboratory in Australia, operating in accordance with ISO 15189 standards for medical testing. This ensures that all analyses are performed using validated methods and strict quality control procedures.

Biomarkers included – Toxins, Heavy Metals & Organic Acids Test

• Ochratoxin A: Mycotoxins — Ochratoxin A is a mycotoxin produced by certain Aspergillus and Penicillium moulds. It may contaminate foods such as grains, coffee, dried fruit, wine and stored foods, with exposure most commonly occurring through diet. Ochratoxin A is often discussed in relation to kidney related stress, oxidative stress and toxin clearance. Higher levels may suggest increased exposure and should be understood t
• Aflatoxins Group: Mycotoxins — Aflatoxins are toxic compounds produced by certain molds that can contaminate food and feed. They are potent carcinogens and can cause serious health issues, including liver damage and cancer. Testing for Aflatoxins is crucial for food safety and public health.
• Trichothecenes Group: Mycotoxins — Trichothecenes are a group of mycotoxins produced by various fungi found on grains and other foodstuffs. Detecting trichothecenes is important as they can cause significant health issues, including gastrointestinal distress, skin irritation, and immune system suppression, if ingested or inhaled.
• Gliotoxin Derivative: Mycotoxins — Gliotoxin Derivative is a marker related to gliotoxin, a mycotoxin that can be produced by certain moulds, especially Aspergillus species. Because it reflects a gliotoxin related compound rather than only the original toxin itself, it can help indicate possible exposure to gliotoxin producing moulds. Gliotoxin related findings are often discussed in relation to immune function, inflammatory balanc
• Zearalenone: Mycotoxins — Zearalenone is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium molds that commonly contaminate grains and cereals. It is known for its estrogen-like activity and is often monitored in food safety testing.
• Calcium: Physiological Minerals — Calcium is an essential mineral needed for bone and teeth structure, muscle contraction, nerve signaling, blood clotting, and many enzyme-driven processes. Most of the body’s calcium is stored in bones and teeth, while a small amount circulates in the blood and is tightly regulated. Abnormal calcium levels can be associated with a range of issues, including bone turnover changes, parathyroid or vi
• Iron: Physiological Minerals — Iron is an essential mineral critical for oxygen transport, energy production, and cellular function throughout the body. It is a key component of hemoglobin in red blood cells and myoglobin in muscles, enabling oxygen delivery to tissues. Iron also plays vital roles in DNA synthesis, immune function, and cognitive development. Measuring iron levels helps diagnose anemia, assess nutritional status
• Magnesium: Physiological Minerals — Magnesium is an essential mineral crucial for over 300 biochemical reactions in the body, including muscle and nerve function, blood glucose control, and blood pressure regulation. It also plays a vital role in bone health, DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis. Maintaining optimal magnesium levels is important for overall health and preventing various chronic diseases.
• Zinc: Physiological Minerals — Zinc is an essential trace mineral crucial for numerous bodily functions, including immune system function, wound healing, DNA synthesis, and cell division. It plays a vital role in the activity of over 300 enzymes and is essential for growth and development during pregnancy, childhood, and adolescence. Maintaining adequate zinc levels is important for overall health and preventing immune deficien
• Boron: Trace Minerals — Boron is a trace mineral that supports bone strength, cognitive function, and hormonal balance. It aids the body’s absorption of magnesium and calcium, helping protect against osteoporosis. Boron also contributes to mental clarity and overall brain performance. Naturally found in foods like apples, oranges, nuts, beans, and leafy vegetables, it is easily incorporated into a healthy diet.
• Chromium: Trace Minerals — Chromium (Cr), in trace amounts, is an essential nutrient that supports glucose metabolism and insulin function. While beneficial in its nutritional form, certain types — such as hexavalent chromium (Cr⁶⁺) — are highly toxic and carcinogenic. Excessive exposure can harm the skin, respiratory system, and kidneys, leading to serious health complications.
• Cobalt: Trace Minerals — Cobalt is an essential trace mineral found as part of vitamin B12, which is vital for nerve function, red blood cell formation, and DNA synthesis. It is required in very small amounts, and deficiency can cause symptoms similar to vitamin B12 deficiency. While essential for health, excessive cobalt exposure can be harmful, potentially affecting the heart, lungs, and thyroid.
• Copper: Trace Minerals — Copper is an essential trace mineral involved in many biological functions, including iron metabolism and red blood cell formation, connective tissue and bone development, and immune function. It serves as a cofactor for numerous enzymes and supports energy production as well as antioxidant defense systems. Both low and high copper levels can affect health, with potential impacts on neurological f
• Germanium: Trace Minerals — Germanium is a naturally occurring trace element found in the earth’s crust, soil, water, plants and small amounts in some foods. It is a metalloid, meaning it has properties between a metal and a non metal. Germanium is used in several industrial and technological applications, including electronics, fibre optics, infrared optics and some alloys. In the body, germanium is not considered an essent
• Iodine: Trace Minerals — The iodine (I) level is a measure of the body’s supply of a vital mineral essential for thyroid health. Iodine plays a key role in the production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, growth, and energy production. While iodine is naturally found in seafood, dairy, and some grains, deficiency is common, particularly in regions with iodine-poor soil. Insufficient iodine can lead to thyroi
• Lithium: Trace Minerals — Lithium (Li) is a naturally occurring element, known primarily for its use in psychiatric treatment. In trace amounts, lithium may influence mood stability and mental health. Emerging research suggests that small doses of lithium could support cognitive function, mood enhancement, and neuroprotection, highlighting its potential role in neurological health.
• Manganese: Trace Minerals — Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient that supports several critical functions in the body, including bone formation, blood clotting, and reducing inflammation. It plays a key role in metabolism by aiding the digestion and conversion of nutrients into energy. Additionally, manganese helps strengthen the body’s antioxidant defenses. Good dietary sources of manganese include whole grains, nuts, le
• Molybdenum: Trace Minerals — Molybdenum (Mo) is a trace mineral that supports essential enzymatic processes in the body. It plays a key role in detoxifying harmful sulfites and breaking down amino acids. Although molybdenum deficiency is uncommon, maintaining adequate levels is important for overall health. Good dietary sources include legumes, grains, nuts, and dairy products, which help support natural detoxification and he
• Nickel: Trace Minerals — Nickel (Ni) is a naturally occurring metal and widely used industrial element. In trace amounts, it is generally harmless, but excessive exposure can cause health issues such as skin irritation, allergic dermatitis, and respiratory problems. Nickel is also classified as a potential carcinogen, with higher risks observed in occupational environments where exposure levels are elevated.
• Rubidium: Trace Minerals — Rubidium is a trace metal that behaves chemically in a similar way to potassium, a mineral involved in fluid balance, nerve signalling and muscle function. Rubidium is not considered an essential nutrient, so higher levels are not interpreted as beneficial. Instead, increased rubidium may suggest higher environmental or dietary exposure. Because it can partly mimic potassium, higher levels may be
• Selenium: Trace Minerals — Selenium is an essential trace mineral that plays a crucial role in antioxidant defense, thyroid hormone metabolism, and immune function. It acts as a cofactor for selenoproteins, enzymes that protect cells from oxidative damage and are vital for DNA synthesis and reproduction. Measuring selenium levels can indicate nutritional status and potential risks for various health conditions related to de
• Strontium: Trace Minerals — Strontium is a trace mineral that, like calcium, supports bone strength and may help reduce the risk of osteoporosis. It is naturally found in foods such as seafood, whole grains, and vegetables. While beneficial in small amounts, excessive intake can interfere with calcium absorption, highlighting the importance of maintaining proper mineral balance.
• Vanadium: Trace Minerals — Vanadium is a trace mineral that may support blood sugar regulation and insulin sensitivity. Found in foods like mushrooms, shellfish, black pepper, and grains, it has shown potential in diabetes management. However, its effectiveness and safety remain under investigation, as high doses can be toxic.
• Aluminium: Toxic Metals — Aluminum (Al) is a harmful heavy metal that can pose health risks to the human body. Exposure to excessive levels of aluminum, often through diet or environmental sources, has been linked to neurotoxicity and may be associated with conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. Monitoring and reducing aluminum exposure is important for supporting overall health and well-being.
• Antimony: Toxic Metals — Antimony is a metalloid used in flame retardants, electronics, and alloys. Exposure to antimony can be toxic, potentially causing respiratory irritation, skin issues, and, in severe cases, heart and lung problems. Individuals working in industries that handle antimony or living near manufacturing sites may face higher exposure risks, and proper safety measures and environmental monitoring can help
• Arsenic: Toxic Metals — Arsenic is a naturally occurring element that can be highly toxic to humans. Found in soil, water, and certain industrial materials, it disrupts normal cellular processes and is classified as a carcinogen. Even at low levels, arsenic exposure can pose significant risks to health, affecting multiple organs and systems.
• Barium: Toxic Metals — Barium (Ba) is a soft, silvery metal used in various industries, including manufacturing and medical diagnostics. While barium sulfate used in medical imaging is considered safe, exposure to soluble barium compounds can be harmful. Such exposure may affect the heart, cause muscle weakness, and damage the kidneys and liver. Industrial workers and individuals near barium processing plants are at hig
• Beryllium: Toxic Metals — Beryllium is a lightweight metal used in aerospace, electronics, and nuclear industries. Exposure to beryllium dust or fumes can pose health risks, including chronic beryllium disease (CBD), a serious lung condition, and skin disorders such as dermatitis. The highest risk of exposure occurs in industrial settings where beryllium is processed or machined.
• Bismuth: Toxic Metals — Bismuth (Bi) is a heavy metal commonly found in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and certain alloys. While generally considered safe, excessive exposure, particularly from medications containing bismuth, can lead to toxicity. Bismuth toxicity may cause neurological symptoms, including confusion and poor coordination. The primary route of exposure to bismuth is through ingestion of bismuth-containing pr
• Bromine (Br): Toxic Metals — Bromine (Br) reflects exposure to bromine-containing compounds, which can be found in certain foods, medications, and environmental sources. Elevated levels may indicate increased exposure, and bromine can interact with iodine metabolism in the body. Monitoring bromine levels can provide additional context when assessing overall mineral balance and potential environmental influences.
• Cadmium: Toxic Metals — Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal with no beneficial role in the human body. Prolonged exposure to cadmium can cause serious health problems, including kidney damage, weakened bones, and a higher risk of cancer. Because cadmium accumulates in the body over time, even low-level exposure poses a concern for long-term health.
• Cesium: Toxic Metals — Cesium is a non-essential metal with no known beneficial role in the body. It can be found naturally in the environment, but higher levels may suggest increased exposure through food, water, industrial sources or environmental contamination. Cesium is relevant because it can behave somewhat like potassium in the body, meaning increased exposure may potentially affect electrolyte balance, nerve sig
• Gadolinium: Toxic Metals — Gadolinium (Gd) is a rare earth metal used as a contrast agent in MRI scans. While generally considered safe, there is concern about gadolinium deposits remaining in the body, especially in individuals with kidney problems. Gadolinium retention can sometimes lead to symptoms such as skin thickening, bone pain, and cognitive disturbances.
• Gallium: Toxic Metals — Gallium is a non-essential metal used in electronics, semiconductors, medical imaging compounds and industrial materials. It does not have a known beneficial role in normal human metabolism. Higher levels may suggest increased environmental, occupational or medical exposure. Gallium is relevant because non-essential metals can sometimes compete with or interfere with normal mineral handling and ce
• Lead: Toxic Metals — Lead is a toxic heavy metal with no beneficial role in the human body. Exposure to lead can cause serious health problems, especially affecting the nervous system. Even low levels of lead can impact multiple body systems, with children being particularly vulnerable to developmental delays and cognitive impairments.
• Mercury: Toxic Metals — Mercury is a naturally occurring heavy metal found in certain products such as thermometers and dental fillings. While low exposure is generally harmless, excessive levels can be toxic, affecting the nervous, digestive, and immune systems. High mercury exposure may cause symptoms like tremors, sleep disturbances, and cognitive impairment, and it poses significant environmental risks, particularly
• Palladium: Toxic Metals — Palladium is a metal used in electronics, jewelry, and dental materials. While useful in various industries, high levels of inhalation or ingestion can be toxic, particularly in occupational settings. Exposure may cause respiratory, skin, and digestive issues, and some individuals may develop allergic reactions such as dermatitis.
• Platinum: Toxic Metals — Platinum (Pt) is a precious metal used in automotive catalytic converters, jewelry, and chemotherapy drugs. While valuable, it can pose health risks when inhaled or through prolonged skin contact. Exposure may cause allergic reactions, respiratory problems, and skin irritation, particularly for workers in industries handling platinum or individuals wearing platinum-based jewelry. Proper protective
• Silver: Toxic Metals — Silver is a metal with diverse applications in industry and medicine, but it can become toxic with significant human exposure. While small amounts occur naturally in the environment and consumer products, excessive exposure can lead to health concerns such as argyria — a condition that permanently turns the skin blue-gray. Ingesting, inhaling, or contacting silver compounds can cause argyria and m
• Tellurium: Toxic Metals — Tellurium is a rare non-essential element used in alloys, electronics, solar panels and industrial manufacturing. It has no known beneficial biological role in the body. Higher levels may suggest environmental or occupational exposure. Tellurium is mainly relevant because increased exposure may place strain on detoxification and antioxidant systems and may interfere with normal cellular processes.
• Thallium: Toxic Metals — Thallium (Tl) is a heavy metal that poses significant health risks upon exposure. It can cause symptoms such as hair loss, nerve damage, and digestive issues. Common sources of thallium exposure include contaminated water, certain industrial processes, and its past use in rat poison. Although its use in consumer products has declined, thallium remains a hazard in industrial settings. Exposure to t
• Tin: Toxic Metals — Tin (Sn) is a metal commonly found in alloys, food packaging, and electronics, and is generally considered to have low toxicity. However, certain organic tin compounds used in industrial processes can pose health risks, including skin and eye irritation, digestive issues, and in severe cases, neurological effects. Individuals handling tin in manufacturing or using tin-containing products should be
• Titanium: Toxic Metals — Titanium (Ti) is a metal widely used in medical implants, cosmetics, and paints, valued for its strength and resistance to corrosion. While elemental titanium is generally considered safe, inhalation of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) particles, particularly in powder form, can pose respiratory risks. Individuals working in industries that process titanium materials or using certain cosmetic products may
• Tungsten: Toxic Metals — Tungsten, also known as wolfram, is a naturally occurring trace element found in minerals, rocks, soil and water. It is a dense, hard metal with a very high melting point, which makes it useful in industrial and technological applications such as metal alloys, electronics, tools, lighting components and high temperature materials. In the body, tungsten is not considered an essential nutrient, mean
• Uranium: Toxic Metals — Uranium, a radioactive element used in nuclear power and weapons, poses health risks primarily through radiation exposure and chemical toxicity. Ingestion or inhalation of uranium can damage the kidneys and increase the risk of cancer due to its radioactivity. The most significant exposure risks come from living near mining, processing plants, or contaminated areas. Reducing exposure involves usin
• Zirconium: Toxic Metals — Zirconium is a metal commonly used in dental implants and various consumer products. While pure zirconium is generally safe, some of its compounds can irritate the lungs if inhaled. Care should be taken when handling zirconium-containing powders or sprays to prevent respiratory irritation.
• N-Acetyl-(3,4-dihydroxybutyl)-cysteine (NADB): Cysteine Derivatives — N-Acetyl-(3,4-dihydroxybutyl)-cysteine (NADB) is a mercapturic acid marker that reflects exposure to certain reactive volatile chemicals that the body clears through glutathione related detoxification. It is important because it shows not only exposure, but also that the body has had to bind and process the compound for urinary excretion. Higher levels may suggest recent chemical exposure from air
• N-Acetyl-(carbamoylethyl)-cysteine: Cysteine Derivatives — N-Acetyl-(carbamoylethyl)-cysteine is a urinary detoxification product linked to exposure to acrylamide related compounds. Acrylamide can form in some high heat cooked foods, such as fried, roasted or baked carbohydrate rich foods, and may also come from tobacco smoke or industrial exposure. Higher levels may suggest increased intake or exposure and are relevant because acrylamide related compound
• N-Acetylphenylcysteine (SPMA): Cysteine Derivatives — N-Acetylphenylcysteine (SPMA) is a urinary metabolite used as a marker of benzene exposure. Benzene can come from fuel vapours, traffic pollution, cigarette smoke, solvents and some industrial environments. SPMA is formed when the body processes benzene through glutathione related detoxification pathways and excretes it in urine. Higher levels may suggest recent internal benzene exposure, which is
• N-Acetyl-(propyl)-cysteine (NAPR): Cysteine Derivatives — N-Acetyl-(propyl)-cysteine (NAPR) is a urinary marker linked to the body’s processing of certain volatile organic compounds. These compounds can come from sources such as fuel vapours, solvents, smoke, industrial environments or polluted air. Higher levels may suggest recent exposure to reactive airborne or solvent related chemicals, which is generally not considered beneficial because these compo
• 4-Nonylphenol: Environmental Phenols — 4-Nonylphenol is an environmental phenol that can come from industrial detergents, surfactants, plastics and contaminated water sources. It is notable because it can act as an endocrine disrupting chemical, meaning it may interfere with hormone signalling rather than support normal hormone function. Higher levels may suggest increased exposure and are generally considered an unfavourable finding,
• Bisphenol A (BPA): Environmental Phenols — Bisphenol A is an industrial chemical commonly used in the production of certain plastics and resins, including polycarbonate plastics and epoxy coatings found in food containers and packaging materials. BPA is considered an endocrine-active compound because it can interact with estrogen receptors and influence hormone signaling pathways. Measuring BPA levels in urine can help assess environmental
• Triclosan (TCS): Environmental Phenols — Triclosan (TCS) is an antimicrobial chemical that has been used in some toothpastes, soaps, deodorants, textiles and personal care products. It is measured because repeated exposure has been discussed in relation to microbiome changes, thyroid related pathways and endocrine activity. Higher levels may suggest recent product related exposure and are generally not considered desirable, especially if
• 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D): Herbicides — 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a synthetic herbicide used to control broadleaf weeds in agriculture, lawns and outdoor environments. It is measured because it can show recent exposure through treated grass, agricultural areas, contaminated dust, food residues or direct handling. Higher levels may suggest increased herbicide exposure, which is generally considered unfavourable because pe
• Atrazine: Herbicides — Atrazine is an herbicide commonly used in agriculture to control weeds. Its presence in biological samples, such as urine or blood, indicates exposure to this chemical, which can occur through contaminated food, water, or occupational handling. Monitoring atrazine levels can be important for assessing potential health risks associated with environmental exposure.
• Atrazine mercapturate: Herbicides — Atrazine mercapturate is a metabolite formed when the body processes atrazine through glutathione related detoxification pathways. It is useful because it suggests atrazine has entered the body and been metabolised, rather than only being present in the environment. Higher levels may suggest recent internal exposure to atrazine and increased detoxification activity related to this herbicide. Low o
• Aminomethylphosphonic Acid (AMPA): Herbicides — Aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) is a breakdown product of glyphosate and can also come from some environmental or industrial sources. It is measured together with glyphosate because it helps show exposure to glyphosate related compounds beyond glyphosate alone. Higher AMPA may suggest increased dietary, environmental or herbicide related exposure, which is generally not considered desirable. Low
• Glyphosphate: Herbicides — Glyphosphate: Glyphosphate is a chemical compound used as an active ingredient in many herbicides. It acts by blocking an enzyme necessary for plant growth, making it effective for weed control. Glyphosphate is commonly used on crops such as wheat, soybean and corn and can be present in food and water. Exposure to glyphosphate has been linked to potential health risks, and its presence in the body
• alpha-Hydroxyisobutyrate: MTBE Exposure — Alpha-Hydroxyisobutyrate is a metabolite associated with exposure to methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), a fuel additive used to improve gasoline combustion and reduce emissions.
• Benzylparaben: Parabens — Benzylparaben is a paraben preservative that may be used in cosmetics, personal care products and some pharmaceutical formulations. It is measured because parabens can have endocrine disrupting activity, meaning they may interact with hormone related signalling. Higher levels usually suggest recent exposure through products applied to the skin or used frequently, which is generally not considered
• Butylparaben: Parabens — Butylparaben is a paraben preservative used in some cosmetics, toiletries and personal care products. It is more fat soluble than some shorter chain parabens and is often discussed as one of the parabens with stronger endocrine activity. Higher levels may suggest recent exposure from personal care products and are generally considered unfavourable when assessing hormone disrupting chemical exposur
• Ethylparaben: Parabens — Ethylparaben is a preservative used in some cosmetics, skincare products, toiletries and pharmaceuticals to prevent microbial growth. It is measured as part of the wider paraben pattern. Higher levels may suggest recent exposure through personal care or topical products. Low or non detected levels usually suggest lower recent exposure and are generally preferable from an exposure perspective.
• Methylparaben: Parabens — Methylparaben is one of the most commonly used paraben preservatives in skincare, cosmetics, toiletries and some pharmaceuticals. Because it is widely used, higher levels often reflect everyday product exposure rather than a rare source. Higher levels may contribute to the overall pattern of endocrine disrupting chemical exposure. Low or non detected levels suggest lower recent exposure.
• ParahydroxyBenzoic Acid: Parabens — Parahydroxybenzoic acid is a paraben related compound that can appear when the body processes parabens or similar preservative chemicals. These compounds may come from cosmetics, skincare, personal care products, pharmaceuticals or packaged products. Higher levels may suggest increased exposure to preservative related chemicals and are most meaningful when interpreted together with the wider parab
• Propylparaben: Parabens — Propylparaben is a paraben preservative used in some cosmetics, toiletries, skincare and pharmaceutical products. It is measured because it may show endocrine disrupting activity, especially when several paraben markers are elevated together. Higher levels usually suggest recent product related exposure and are generally not considered favourable. Low or non detected levels suggest lower recent ex
• 3-Phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA): Pesticides — 3-Phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) is a urinary metabolite of pyrethroid insecticides, a group of chemicals used in household pest sprays, garden products, agricultural pesticides and some insect treated materials. It is measured because pyrethroid exposure can affect the nervous system by interacting with sodium channels, which are involved in nerve signal transmission. Higher levels may suggest recen
• Diethyl Phosphate (DEP): Pesticides — Diethyl phosphate (DEP) is a urinary metabolite linked to exposure to organophosphate pesticides. Organophosphates are a group of insecticides that can affect acetylcholine, a chemical messenger used by nerves and muscles. Higher levels of DEP may suggest recent exposure to this pesticide class, for example through food residues, agricultural environments, pest control products or contaminated dus
• Diethyldithiophosphate (DEDTP): Pesticides — Diethyldithiophosphate (DEDTP) is a urinary metabolite that can reflect exposure to certain organophosphate pesticides, especially those containing sulphur based chemical groups. It helps show that the body has recently processed and excreted compounds from this pesticide category. This matters because organophosphate pesticides can interfere with acetylcholine signalling, which is important for n
• Diphenyl phosphate (DPP): Pesticides — Diphenyl phosphate (DPP) is an environmental pollutant and a metabolite of the flame retardant triphenyl phosphate (TPhP). Detecting DPP in the body can indicate exposure to TPhP, which is commonly found in consumer products like furniture, electronics, and building materials. Monitoring DPP levels can help assess potential health risks associated with TPhP exposure, as it has been linked to endoc
• Diethylthiophosphate (DETP): Pesticides — Diethylthiophosphate (DETP) is a urinary metabolite linked to certain organophosphate pesticide exposures. It is measured because it helps build a clearer picture of whether the body has recently handled this pesticide class. Organophosphates are relevant because they may affect nerve signalling through acetylcholine pathways, especially at higher or repeated exposure levels. Higher DETP may sugge
• Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA): PFAS — Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) is a long chain PFAS compound historically used in stain resistant coatings, firefighting foams, industrial products and water resistant materials. PFOS is notable because it can remain in the body for a long time and may accumulate with repeated exposure. Higher levels may be relevant because PFOS has been studied in relation to immune response, thyroid hormone
• Perfluorooctane Sulphonic Acid (PFOS): PFAS — Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) is a long chain PFAS compound historically used in stain resistant coatings, firefighting foams, industrial products and water resistant materials. PFOS is notable because it can remain in the body for a long time and may accumulate with repeated exposure. Higher levels may be relevant because PFOS has been studied in relation to immune response, thyroid hormone
• Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA): PFAS — Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a PFAS compound historically used in non stick coatings, water resistant materials and industrial processes. It is important because PFOA can persist in the environment and remain in the body for a long time. Higher levels may suggest cumulative exposure and are generally considered unfavourable because PFOA has been discussed in relation to kidney, endocrine, repr
• Butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP): Phthalates — Butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) is a phthalate plasticiser used in some vinyl materials, flooring, adhesives, sealants and consumer products. It is measured because phthalates can leach from products and enter the body through dust, food contact, inhalation or skin exposure. Higher levels may suggest increased plasticiser exposure, which is generally considered unfavourable due to phthalates’ potenti
• Mono-benzyl phthalate (mBzP): Phthalates — Mono-benzyl phthalate (mBzP) is the main urinary metabolite of butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), a plasticiser used in some vinyl flooring, adhesives, sealants, plastics and building materials. Measuring mBzP is useful because it shows that BBP has entered the body and been processed. Higher levels may suggest recent exposure from indoor dust, vinyl materials or plastic related sources. BBP related ex
• Mono-n-butyl phthalate (mBP): Phthalates — Mono-n-butyl phthalate (mBP) is a metabolite of dibutyl phthalate (DBP), a phthalate used in some fragrances, cosmetics, nail products, plastics and coatings. It is notable because DBP is often discussed in relation to reproductive hormone disruption. Higher mBP may suggest recent exposure from personal care products, household items or plastic related sources, which is generally not considered fa
• Mono-(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (mCPP): Phthalates — Mono-(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (mCPP) is a urinary metabolite that can come from the breakdown of several different phthalates, especially higher molecular weight phthalates used in plastics and consumer products. This means mCPP is not tied to one single source, but works more like a broader signal of phthalate exposure. Higher levels may suggest exposure from plastics, packaging, vinyl materia
• Mono-ethyl phthalate (MEtP): Phthalates — Mono-ethyl Phthalate is a metabolite associated with exposure to phthalates, chemicals commonly found in plastics, fragrances, cosmetics, personal care products, and household items.
• Mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP): Phthalates — Mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) is a primary metabolite of DEHP, a phthalate used in flexible PVC plastics and some medical or consumer products. DEHP is one of the best known phthalates discussed in relation to endocrine and reproductive effects. Higher MEHP may suggest recent DEHP exposure and is generally considered unfavourable. It is best interpreted together with MEHHP and MEOHP.
• Mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP): Phthalates — Mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) is an oxidative metabolite of DEHP, one of the most widely studied phthalates used in flexible PVC plastics, packaging, tubing and some medical or consumer products. MEHHP is useful because it shows that DEHP has been absorbed and metabolised by the body. Higher levels may suggest recent DEHP exposure. This matters because DEHP is discussed in relati
• Mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP): Phthalates — Mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP) is another oxidative metabolite of DEHP. It helps confirm and strengthen the picture of DEHP exposure, since DEHP is usually assessed through several metabolites rather than one marker alone. Higher levels may suggest recent exposure to flexible plastics, PVC materials, packaging, medical plastics or indoor dust. DEHP related exposure is relevant because
• Mono-n-octyl phthalate (mOP): Phthalates — Mono-n-octyl phthalate (mOP) is a urinary metabolite linked to exposure to certain phthalate plasticisers used in plastics, coatings or industrial materials. It is usually interpreted as part of the wider phthalate pattern rather than as a strong standalone marker. Higher levels may suggest recent contact with plastic related sources. This is relevant because phthalates as a group may interfere wi
• Phthalic Acid: Phthalates — Phthalic Acid is a general metabolite linked to phthalate exposure. Phthalates are widely used in plastics, packaging materials, vinyl products, and consumer goods.
• 2-Hydroxyethyl mercapturic acid (HEMA): Volatile Organic Compounds — 2-Hydroxyethyl mercapturic acid (HEMA) is a mercapturic acid marker linked to exposure to ethylene oxide and related volatile compounds. These exposures can come from sterilisation processes, smoke, industrial settings, combustion products or environmental air pollution. HEMA is important because it reflects glutathione based detoxification of reactive compounds that may contribute to oxidative st
• Mandelic Acid: Volatile Organic Compounds — Mandelic Acid is a metabolite linked to styrene exposure. Styrene is commonly used in the production of plastics, synthetic rubber, insulation materials, and packaging products.
• Phenylglyoxylic Acid: Volatile Organic Compounds — Phenylglyoxylic Acid is a metabolite associated with styrene exposure and is often measured together with mandelic acid to evaluate exposure to styrene-related compounds.
• Mandelic Acid + Phenylglyoxylic Acid: Volatile Organic Compounds — This combined marker is used to assess overall exposure to styrene, a chemical commonly found in plastics manufacturing, insulation materials, and industrial environments.
• t,t-Muconic Acid: Benzene Exposure — t,t-Muconic Acid is a biomarker associated with benzene exposure. Benzene is an industrial chemical found in fuel emissions, cigarette smoke, and certain occupational environments. Measuring t,t-Muconic Acid may help evaluate recent benzene exposure.
• 3,4-Dimethylhippuric Acid: Benzene Exposure — 3,4-Dimethylhippuric Acid is a metabolite associated with exposure to trimethylbenzenes, chemicals commonly found in fuels, solvents, paints, and industrial products.
• Benzoic Acid: Toluene Exposure — Benzoic Acid is a metabolite related to toluene exposure and may also originate from preservatives and naturally occurring compounds in food. It is commonly included in environmental pollutant analysis.
• Hippuric Acid: Toluene Exposure — Hippuric Acid is a metabolite associated with toluene exposure, a chemical commonly used in paints, adhesives, gasoline, and industrial solvents. Levels may also be influenced by certain dietary compounds.
• 2-Methylhippuric Acid: Xylene Exposure — 2-Methylhippuric Acid is a metabolite associated with exposure to xylene, a solvent commonly found in paints, fuels, varnishes, and industrial chemicals. Measuring this marker may provide insight into recent xylene exposure from environmental or occupational sources.
• 3-Methylhippuric Acid: Xylene Exposure — 3-Methylhippuric Acid is a metabolite linked to xylene exposure and is commonly evaluated in environmental exposure testing. Xylene may be present in fuel emissions, solvents, paints, and certain industrial environments.
• Pyruvic Acid: Carbohydrate Metabolism and Glycolysis — Pyruvic acid is a key molecule in the body's energy production pathway, glycolysis. Elevated levels can indicate issues with carbohydrate metabolism, such as in certain liver diseases or when oxygen is not adequately supplied to tissues.
• Lactic Acid: Carbohydrate Metabolism and Glycolysis — Lactic acid is a byproduct of glucose metabolism that is produced when oxygen levels are low in the body. Elevated levels can indicate conditions affecting oxygen delivery or utilization, such as severe infection (sepsis), shock, or strenuous exercise. Monitoring lactic acid levels helps assess tissue oxygenation and guide treatment.
• Glucose (OA): Carbohydrate Metabolism and Glycolysis — Glucose (OA) refers to the level of glucose in the blood, measured in an older, less specific assay. Glucose is the primary sugar found in your blood and is your body's main source of energy. Monitoring glucose levels is crucial for diagnosing and managing conditions like diabetes.
• Adipic Acid: Ketone and Fatty Acid Metabolism — Adipate, also known as adipic acid, is a compound involved in lipid metabolism and serves as a biomarker for metabolic dysfunctions, especially those related to fatty acid oxidation. Its presence, often detected in urine or blood tests, can aid in diagnosing and monitoring metabolic conditions.
• Suberic acid: Ketone and Fatty Acid Metabolism — Suberic acid, also called octanedioic acid, is a dicarboxylic acid that serves as a metabolic marker in the body. In biological and physiological contexts, it is mainly associated with fatty acid metabolism. Elevated levels of suberic acid can signal metabolic disorders, particularly those affecting fatty acid oxidation, such as medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency.
• Ethylmalonic Acid: Ketone and Fatty Acid Metabolism — Ethyl malonate (EM) is a compound that acts as a biomarker for certain metabolic diseases. Elevated levels of ethyl malonate in the body may indicate hereditary metabolic conditions, such as ethylmalonic encephalopathy, or disorders of fatty acid metabolism.
• Methyl-Succinic Acid: Ketone and Fatty Acid Metabolism — Methyl-succinic acid is a small molecule produced during cellular metabolism, particularly in the breakdown of certain amino acids and fatty acids. Elevated levels can indicate disruptions in these metabolic pathways, potentially related to mitochondrial dysfunction or certain genetic disorders.
• Pimelic Acid: Ketone and Fatty Acid Metabolism — Pimelic acid is a dicarboxylic acid that can be a byproduct of certain metabolic processes, particularly related to fatty acid metabolism. Elevated levels may indicate imbalances in these pathways, potentially impacting cellular function and energy production.
• Alpha-Hydroxybutyric Acid: Ketone and Fatty Acid Metabolism — Alpha-hydroxybutyric acid (AHB) is a metabolic byproduct produced primarily in the liver. Elevated levels can indicate oxidative stress and impaired glutathione synthesis, potentially signaling cellular damage or metabolic dysfunction.
• Beta-Hydroxybutyric Acid: Ketone and Fatty Acid Metabolism — Beta-Hydroxybutyric Acid (BHBA) is a type of ketone body produced by the liver when glucose is unavailable for energy. Elevated levels of BHBA can indicate that the body is breaking down fat for fuel, which can occur during fasting, prolonged exercise, or in conditions like diabetic ketoacidosis.
• Alpha-Ketoisovaleric Acid: B Complex Vitamins and Amino Acid Markers — Alpha-ketoisovaleric acid (AKVA) is an organic compound that plays a role in the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids, particularly valine. Elevated levels of AKVA can indicate impaired amino acid metabolism and may be associated with certain metabolic disorders.
• Alpha-Ketoisocaproic Acid: B Complex Vitamins and Amino Acid Markers — Alpha-Ketoisocaproic Acid (KIC) is an alpha-keto acid derived from the breakdown of leucine, an essential branched-chain amino acid. Elevated levels of KIC in the blood or urine can indicate impaired metabolism of branched-chain amino acids, a condition often associated with certain genetic disorders like Maple Syrup Urine Disease.
• Alpha-Keto-Beta-Methylvaleric Acid: B Complex Vitamins and Amino Acid Markers — Alpha-Keto-Beta-Methylvaleric Acid (AKBMV) is a metabolic byproduct formed during the breakdown of the amino acid isoleucine. Measuring its levels can help assess isoleucine metabolism and identify potential disorders in this pathway.
• Xanthurenic Acid: B Complex Vitamins and Amino Acid Markers — Xanthurenic Acid is a metabolite formed during the breakdown of the amino acid tryptophan through the kynurenine pathway. Its levels can reflect vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) status, as this vitamin acts as a vital cofactor in the process. Elevated xanthurenate may indicate a deficiency in vitamin B6.
• Beta-Hydroxyisovaleric Acid: B Complex Vitamins and Amino Acid Markers — Beta-Hydroxyisovaleric Acid (BHIB) is a substance produced in the body during the metabolism of certain amino acids, primarily valine. Elevated levels of BHIB can indicate a deficiency in the enzyme isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase, which is crucial for breaking down valine, and are often associated with isovaleric acidemia, a rare metabolic disorder.
• Methylmalonic acid (MMA): B Complex Vitamins and Amino Acid Markers — Methylmalonic acid (MMA) is a substance produced in the body during the metabolism of certain fats and proteins. It is a byproduct of methionine breakdown and is influenced by vitamin B12 levels. Elevated MMA levels can serve as an indicator of vitamin B12 deficiency.
• Formiminoglutamic Acid (FIGLU): B Complex Vitamins and Amino Acid Markers — Formiminoglutamic acid (FIGLU) is a metabolic intermediate formed during the breakdown of histidine, an essential amino acid. Elevated levels of FIGLU in urine can indicate a functional deficiency of folic acid (vitamin B9), as folic acid is crucial for the proper conversion of FIGLU to glutamate.
• Citric Acid: Citric Acid Cycle Metabolism — Citric acid, also known as citrate, is a naturally occurring substance in the body that plays a crucial role in cellular energy production through the Krebs cycle. Measuring its levels can help assess metabolic function and identify potential issues related to kidney function or certain genetic disorders.
• cis-Aconitic Acid: Citric Acid Cycle Metabolism — Cis-Aconitic acid is a compound produced during the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle), a fundamental metabolic pathway for energy production in cells. Elevated levels can indicate impaired mitochondrial function or exposure to certain environmental toxins, potentially impacting cellular respiration and energy metabolism.
• Isocitric Acid: Citric Acid Cycle Metabolism — Isocitric acid is a molecule involved in cellular energy production through the Krebs cycle. Elevated levels can sometimes indicate impaired metabolic function or certain genetic disorders affecting enzyme activity.
• Alpha-Ketoglutaric Acid: Citric Acid Cycle Metabolism — Alpha-ketoglutaric acid is an important intermediary molecule in the Krebs cycle, a central pathway for cellular energy production. Its levels can reflect the body's metabolic state and have been investigated in relation to various conditions, including diabetes and certain genetic disorders.
• Succinic Acid: Citric Acid Cycle Metabolism — Succinic acid is a key intermediate in the Krebs cycle, the central pathway for cellular energy production. Elevated levels can indicate disruptions in cellular metabolism, potentially related to various conditions like certain cancers or inherited metabolic disorders.
• Fumaric Acid: Citric Acid Cycle Metabolism — Fumaric acid is a key intermediate in the Krebs cycle (also known as the citric acid cycle), a fundamental metabolic pathway responsible for energy production within cells. Elevated levels can indicate disruptions in energy metabolism, potentially related to certain genetic disorders or other metabolic conditions.
• Malic Acid: Citric Acid Cycle Metabolism — Malic acid is an organic compound naturally found in fruits and is a key intermediate in the Krebs cycle, the body's primary pathway for energy production. Elevated levels can indicate impaired energy metabolism or certain genetic disorders affecting this cycle.
• 3-Methylglutaric Acid: Citric Acid Cycle Metabolism — 3-Methylglutaric acid is a marker that is elevated in the urine of individuals with 3-Methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency, a rare genetic disorder affecting metabolism. Measuring its levels is crucial for diagnosing this condition and managing treatment.
• Homovanillic acid (HVA): Neurotransmitter and Tryptophan Metabolism — Homovanillic acid (HVA) is a metabolite that reflects the breakdown of dopamine, a key neurotransmitter in the body. HVA levels serve as an important marker for evaluating dopamine activity. Changes in HVA can indicate shifts in dopamine function and are used to monitor the effectiveness of treatments targeting dopamine metabolism.
• Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA): Neurotransmitter and Tryptophan Metabolism — Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) is a metabolite formed from the breakdown of catecholamines such as adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine. It is used as a clinical marker to assess catecholamine activity, with levels typically measured in urine. Various factors, including certain foods and medications, can influence VMA levels.
• 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid (5-HIAA): Neurotransmitter and Tryptophan Metabolism — 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid (5-HIAA) is the main breakdown product of serotonin, a neurotransmitter involved in mood, sleep, appetite, gut motility and other body functions. Measuring 5-HIAA in urine can give insight into serotonin turnover, meaning how serotonin is being produced, used and metabolised. Higher or lower levels may reflect changes in serotonin metabolism, but should not be interprete
• Kynurenic acid: Neurotransmitter and Tryptophan Metabolism — Kynurenic acid is a metabolite formed in the kynurenine pathway during the breakdown of the amino acid tryptophan. It functions in the nervous system as a neuroprotective agent and is of interest in neurological and psychiatric research. Imbalances in kynurenic acid levels have been associated with conditions such as schizophrenia and depression.
• Quinolinic acid: Neurotransmitter and Tryptophan Metabolism — Quinolinic Acid is a metabolite involved in the kynurenine pathway and may be evaluated in relation to metabolic, inflammatory, and environmental processes.
• Picolinic Acid: Neurotransmitter and Tryptophan Metabolism — Picolinic acid is a naturally occurring compound derived from the breakdown of tryptophan, an essential amino acid. It plays a role in nutrient absorption, particularly minerals like zinc, and exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Elevated levels can sometimes indicate imbalances in tryptophan metabolism or impaired immune function.
• Cortisol (OA): Neurotransmitter and Tryptophan Metabolism — Cortisol is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands in response to stress and low blood glucose levels. Measuring cortisol can help diagnose conditions like Cushing's syndrome (high cortisol) and Addison's disease (low cortisol), which impact various bodily functions.
• 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine: Oxidative Damage and Antioxidant Markers — 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is a marker of oxidative DNA damage, specifically the oxidation of guanine, one of the DNA bases. Elevated levels of 8-OHdG in urine or blood can indicate increased exposure to reactive oxygen species and may be associated with an increased risk of various chronic diseases.
• Parahydroxyphenyllactic Acid: Oxidative Damage and Antioxidant Markers — Parahydroxyphenyllactic acid (PHPLA) is a compound produced by the breakdown of tyrosine, an amino acid found in many foods. Elevated levels of PHPLA in the body can be an indicator of specific metabolic dysfunctions, particularly those related to gut bacteria activity and amino acid processing.
• Glucaric Acid: Detoxification Indicators — Glucaric acid is a naturally occurring sugar acid. It is a breakdown product of carbohydrate metabolism and its levels in urine can be an indicator of Vitamin C status in the body.
• Pyroglutamic Acid: Detoxification Indicators — Pyroglutamic acid is a breakdown product of glutathione, an important antioxidant in the body. Elevated levels can indicate oxidative stress or a deficiency in glutathione synthesis, potentially contributing to various health issues, including certain metabolic disorders and acquired toxic milk in infants.
• Orotic Acid: Detoxification Indicators — Orotic acid is a metabolic intermediate in the synthesis of pyrimidines, which are building blocks of DNA and RNA. Elevated levels can indicate issues with its breakdown or overproduction, potentially linked to certain metabolic disorders or liver conditions.
• Phenylacetic Acid (PAA): Bacterial Dysbiosis Markers — Phenylacetic acid (PAA) is a metabolic byproduct typically formed from the breakdown of phenylalanine and other aromatic amino acids. Elevated levels can sometimes indicate impaired metabolic pathways or other physiological conditions, making it a useful indicator in certain diagnostic contexts.
• Phenylpropionic Acid: Bacterial Dysbiosis Markers — Phenylpropionic acid is a naturally occurring organic compound involved in the metabolism of certain amino acids, particularly phenylalanine. Elevated levels can indicate disruptions in these metabolic pathways, and it is often monitored as part of broader metabolic screening tests.
• Indoleacetic Acid (IAA): Bacterial Dysbiosis Markers — Indoleacetic Acid (IAA) is the primary and most abundant naturally occurring auxin, a plant hormone crucial for cell elongation, division, and differentiation. While primarily a plant growth regulator, IAA is also a metabolite produced by certain gut bacteria in humans, and its levels can be influenced by diet and gut microbiome composition.
• Tricarballylic Acid: Bacterial Dysbiosis Markers — Tricarballylic acid is a naturally occurring organic acid produced in the body, primarily as an intermediate in the citric acid cycle. It plays a role in cellular energy production and can be influenced by dietary factors and certain metabolic conditions. Elevated levels may indicate disruptions in energy metabolism.
• p-Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid: Bacterial Dysbiosis Markers — p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid (p-HPAA) is a breakdown product of the amino acid tyrosine. Elevated levels in the body can be associated with certain metabolic disorders and can be influenced by dietary intake of tyrosine-rich foods.
• 4-Cresol: Clostridial Species — 4-Cresol is a small organic molecule produced during the breakdown of tyrosine and phenylalanine in the body. Elevated levels of 4-Cresol in urine can indicate impaired kidney function or certain metabolic disorders, as the kidneys normally filter it out.
• 3-Hydroxypropionic Acid (3-HPA): Clostridial Species — 3-Hydroxypropionic Acid (3-HPA) is a small organic molecule produced as a byproduct of cellular metabolism, particularly during the breakdown of certain amino acids and fats. Elevated levels of 3-HPA can indicate impaired metabolic function or specific genetic disorders affecting energy production within cells, making it a useful indicator for certain metabolic health assessments.
• Dihydroxyphenylpropionic Acid: Clostridial Species — Dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid (DHPPA) is a phenolic compound produced by gut bacteria during the metabolism of dietary polyphenols. Its levels can reflect the composition and activity of the gut microbiome and may be associated with inflammatory processes and metabolic health.
• Arabinitol: Yeast and Fungal Dysbiosis Markers — Arabinitol is a sugar alcohol that is produced by various fungi, particularly Candida species. Elevated levels of arabinitol in the blood can indicate systemic fungal infections, as the fungi metabolize sugars into arabinitol.
• Citramalic Acid: Yeast and Fungal Dysbiosis Markers — Citramalic acid is a small organic molecule produced during cellular metabolism. Elevated levels can indicate a disruption in the citric acid cycle, a fundamental pathway for energy production in the body. It is particularly associated with certain genetic disorders affecting mitochondrial function.
• Tartaric Acid: Yeast and Fungal Dysbiosis Markers — Tartaric acid is a naturally occurring organic acid found in many fruits, most notably grapes. Measuring tartaric acid levels can be useful in diagnosing certain metabolic disorders and as a marker for the consumption of alcoholic beverages or specific foods fortified with tartaric acid.
• Oxalic Acid: Oxalate Metabolites — Oxalic acid is a naturally occurring organic compound found in many plants and also produced by the body during metabolism. Elevated levels in urine can indicate an increased risk of developing calcium oxalate kidney stones, the most common type of kidney stone.
• Glyceric Acid: Oxalate Metabolites — Glyceric acid is a simple sugar acid that plays a role in cellular metabolism, particularly in the pathways that process carbohydrates. Elevated levels can indicate disruptions in these metabolic processes, potentially related to conditions like diabetes or certain genetic disorders.
• Glycolic Acid: Oxalate Metabolites — Glycolic acid is a simple alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) that is a natural byproduct of cellular metabolism. Elevated levels in the blood or urine can indicate impaired kidney function, as the kidneys are responsible for filtering it out of the body. Monitoring glycolic acid can therefore be useful in assessing kidney health and identifying potential metabolic disorders.
• Pyridoxic Acid (Vitamin B6): Nutritional Markers — Pyridoxic acid is a major metabolite of vitamin B6 in the body. Measuring its levels in blood or urine can help assess a person's vitamin B6 status, which is crucial for numerous metabolic processes, including amino acid metabolism, neurotransmitter synthesis, and red blood cell formation.
• Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5): Nutritional Markers — Pantothenic acid, also known as Vitamin B5, is a water-soluble vitamin crucial for synthesizing coenzyme A (CoA). CoA plays a vital role in numerous metabolic pathways, including the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins for energy.
• Glutaric Acid (Vitamin B2): Nutritional Markers — Glutaric acid is a byproduct of the breakdown of certain amino acids. Elevated levels can indicate a deficiency in Riboflavin (Vitamin B2), which is essential for its proper metabolism and can lead to neurological issues if untreated.
• Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C): Nutritional Markers — Ascorbic acid, commonly known as Vitamin C, is an essential water-soluble vitamin that acts as a powerful antioxidant in the body. It plays a crucial role in immune function, collagen synthesis for healthy skin and wound healing, and the absorption of iron. Measuring its levels can help identify deficiencies that may lead to scurvy or compromise overall health.
• 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaric Acid (CoQ10): Nutritional Markers — 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid, often referred to as HMG, is a byproduct in the body's production of cholesterol and is also a precursor to Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10). Elevated levels of HMG can indicate potential issues with cholesterol metabolism and reduced CoQ10 production, which is crucial for cellular energy and antioxidant function.
• N-Acetylcysteine (NAC): Nutritional Markers — N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) is an amino acid derivative and a precursor to glutathione, a powerful antioxidant. It is important because levels of NAC can reflect the body's capacity for detoxification and protection against oxidative stress. Monitoring NAC may be relevant in assessing conditions related to inflammation and cellular damage.
• Methylcitric Acid (Biotin/Vitamin H): Nutritional Markers — Methylcitric acid is a marker that can indicate a deficiency in biotin, also known as Vitamin H. Elevated levels of methylcitric acid in the body suggest that biotin-dependent enzymes are not functioning optimally, which can impact various metabolic processes.
• Creatinine: Urine Normalisation Marker — Creatinine is a waste product formed in muscles from the normal breakdown of creatine. It is released into the bloodstream and filtered by the kidneys, then excreted in urine. Because creatinine levels are influenced by how efficiently the kidneys filter blood, it is commonly used to assess kidney function. Elevated creatinine may indicate reduced kidney filtration or kidney disease, while low lev

How to prepare – Toxins, Heavy Metals & Organic Acids Test

Avoid B-vitamins, vitamin C, and herbal supplements for 48 hours. Fasting is generally required for the morning collection. Stay hydrated but avoid excessive fluid intake the night before to ensure urine concentration.

Frequently asked questions – Toxins, Heavy Metals & Organic Acids Test

How accurate is dried urine compared to liquid urine?

Dried urine is highly stable and avoids the 'dilution' issues often found in 24-hour liquid collections. It provides a reliable baseline for organic acids and toxin metabolites without the need for refrigeration during shipping, making the Organic Acids Test at home more convenient and accurate.

Do I need to stop taking supplements before the test?

It is generally recommended to avoid B-vitamins and certain herbal supplements for 48 hours prior to collection as they can skew specific metabolic markers in the **Total Tox Burden Test**. Detailed instructions are provided within your kit.

Is a provocation required for the heavy metals portion?

A 'provocation' (using agents like glutathione) is not required for this **Heavy Metals Urine Test**. The panel measures the body’s natural excretion levels to provide a baseline of your current toxic burden without the risks associated with chelation agents.

Can children take this test?

Yes, this non-invasive urine collection is suitable for children. It is frequently used by parents to investigate environmental stressors, gut health markers, and metabolic function in pediatric populations.

Customer reviews – Toxins, Heavy Metals & Organic Acids Test

4.8/5 (5)

• 4/5 — Really comprehensive data on heavy metals.
• 5/5 — Helped me identify exactly which environmental toxins were an issue. Fast turnaround too.
• 5/5 — Clear instructions and an easy return process. The results were helpful and easy to understand. Really glad you offer tests like this.
• 5/5 — Super easy to do at home and didn't take long to get results.
• 5/5 — Very detailed results for a simple urine sample.